Physics of a Light Bulb Free Essays

Physics of a Light Bulb Catherine Bellet Lab Partners: Natalie Russell Alex Harris TA: Chad Lunceford PHY 114 TH @ 2:25pm Abstract: Ohm’s law states, via the equation V=I*R, that the voltage found across a piece of material is proportional to the current. If the temperature remains constant therefore the resistance is found to remain constant. Stefan-Boltzmann law states that when the temperature if above an average of 1000K, then the relationship of voltage and current should be found to be consistent with the formula AT4. We will write a custom essay sample on Physics of a Light Bulb or any similar topic only for you Order Now The experimental data found in this, Physics of a Light Bulb, experiment both correlates and verifies the Stefan-Boltzmann law. The voltage and current were found to be proportional to one another, verifying Ohm’s law. In addition, the fact that radiation away from the light bulb is indeed proportional to the fourth power of temperature was observed and again verified through a linear fit graph. The percent error found between the two experimental B values was found to be an average 6%. This showing proving that the experiment was decently accurate. Objective: To measure the relation between voltage and current in a small flashlight bulb; to determine the temperature of the filament; to verify the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. Procedure: Begin the experiment by correctly setting up the circuit. Using the DMM set, find the resistance of the cold filament of the bulb at room temperature. Open a pre-set experiment file, than connect the circuit to the bulb. Slowly increase the output signal from the power supply, as the voltage reaches 10V, immediately bring the power supply back down to zero. There should be an observed recorded data and graph in the experimental file. From the recording, highlight the resistance of the cold filament from the data which corresponds to the current ? 0. 08A. Apply a linear fit which in return will give the slope, which represents the bulb resistance. Copy and paste the recorded data into Graphical Analysis, insert various calculated columns, in order to find the temperature of the hot filament and to test the relationship versus power and temperature. Repeat for a second set of data. Use the graphs to conclude if the Stefan-Boltzmann law is obeyed. Experimental Data: See attached graphs. Results: Resistance of Cold Filament| Experimental Bulb Resistance| % Difference| B1 from Graph1(W/K)| B2 from Graph2(W/K)| % Difference| Theoretical B (W/K)| % Error of B1| % Error of B2| 2. 5? | 2. 46? | 1. 61%| 4. 26| 3. 76| 12. 5%| 4| 6. 19%| 6. 33%| Data Analysis: Discussion: The objective of the lab, Physics of a Light Bulb, was to measure the relationship between voltage and current in a small light bulb, be able to determine the temperature of the filament. nd to verify the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. After completing the lab, the relationship between both the voltage and current was found to be linear, as long as the current is below or at 0. 08 A. This correlation proves Ohm’s law therefore current through a metal conductor is proportional to the applied voltage. Through measurement and observations of the printed graphs, the temperature of the filament of the light bulb was found to be around the value of 1300K. Using the data supplied from the new calculated columns, the verification of the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation was proved to hold true. The law states that when the temperature is above an average value of 1000K, then the relationship between voltage and current is consistent with the formula AT4. When analyzing the curve fit of the power versus temperature graph, it is indeed observed that the experimental value given corresponds with the theoretical function that the power radiated away from the light bulb is surely proportional to the fourth power of temperature. The percent error observed for both experimental B values, when compared to the theoretical value of 4, shows to be an average of 6%, not a large value of error present. Therefore, the overall system present in the experiment proved to be both precise and accurate. Considering the percent difference between the two experimental resistors was found to be a mere 1. 61%. The percent difference between the two experimental B values was that of a higher value, 12. 5%. This may indeed have been caused by the fact that the sectioning of data for the second B value was less accurate than that of the first B value. Conclusion: At the conclusion of the experiment, Physics of a Light Bulb, the objective was surely met. The goal was to distinguish the relationship between voltage and current, as well as finding the temperature of the filament, and also to verify the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. Through experimental values, it was observed that the relationship of voltage and current is found to be linear when the current is at or below 0. 8A. The temperature of the filament was also observed to be an average of about 1300K and greater. By taking the values of the Power versus Temperature graph, and creating a new Power versus Temperature raised to the fourth graph and thus applying a linear fit, the relationship of voltage and current was found to be consistent with AT4 and verifying Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation. Current is indeed proportional to the applied voltage. How to cite Physics of a Light Bulb, Papers

Affectionate portrait of the poets Essay Example For Students

Affectionate portrait of the poets Essay The Mother by George Mackay Brown although a fairly short poem manages to in seven short stanzas creates a very concise affectionate portrait of the poets own mother. A number of things make this poem as effective as it is but a large portion of that magic captured in the poem comes from effective word choice and skilful structure.  The word choice within this poem is very skilful and is beautifully matched to the theme (A mothers week) of the poem. George Mackay Brown relies heavily on his choice of words within the poem to create an affectionate account of his mother. In verse 3 he wrote:  All her tasks were like bluebells in a jar on the windowsill. Although being quite a strange simile the word choice is well chosen to give connotations the mother doing her jobs military like but with enjoyment. (The image of bluebells standing to attention reminds me of a soldier which reminds me of the military.) The effect of using bluebells creates an image of soothing things like waterfalls and flowers. But when mixed with the idea of her doing her tasks seems to create a mixed idea of her both wanting and needing to complete her tasks. Another theory about the choice of words is that the bluebells symbolise her children as they were almost certainly collected by them. She does her jobs for her children to please them and as a thank you they bring her flowers. Like so many other imaginative uses of words in this poem there could be many theorys about there true meaning. This mystery helps keep the poem interesting and makes the mother seem more mysterious as well. Although the word choice is important in every poem there would be nothing captivating about them if they werent integrated into a number of compelling similes, metaphors and other figures of speech. A lot of the figures of speech contained with this poem are unique to this particular poem and would be out of context in almost all other eventualities. One metaphor that I feel is used in the perfect place is:  The Garden a Galleon in the gale. This metaphor also interlinks alliteration which increases its unique feel. The actual metaphor is used to describe the effect of the wind on the garden and in a verse that is based on washing fits in perfectly with the idea of drying clothes. The image can be pictured with the grass rippling like the sea and the sheets catching the wind like the majestic sails of the ship. Along with the fact the poem is set in Orkney, a strongly established fishing island makes the metaphor of a ship even more fitting. Another use of images created in this poem is a very interesting example of alliteration;  a slave among the storm grey shirts and sheets  This is a very captivating example as it combines the facts about the actual writing with a hyperbole of slave and the seaside connotations of storm grey although this example of alliteration may have a lot of meanings the one that seems to strike me every time is that the words fit and its relevant but most of all it sounds good,  a slave among the storm grey sheets  Just seems to roll so effortlessly off your tongue. I love examples like this that just seem to fit perfectly and as this poem contained a lot of these examples, really appealed to me. The structure of this poem is something I particularly enjoyed, although some people may not notice it this poem describes the mothers week in seven stanzas. Each of these representing a day in her week. I feel this reminds you of how every day is different and is special. I particularly like this effect as it describes each day like a very short story. Another thing that caught my eye in this poem was the use of enjambment to create a cliff-hanger effect. An example of this is:  she rose above textures of oat and barley into the paradise of cakes  I feel this pause is very well placed and the wait to read the next line is like waiting for cakes to rise and is very well crafted to give this effect. .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .postImageUrl , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:hover , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:visited , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:active { border:0!important; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:active , .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69 .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua07a113a48e4a476f2f5a8be93b7fa69:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Persuasive EssayThe content and theme of this poem are much the same. The description and depiction of a typical week for this mother. The poem at all times focuses on the mother even though sometimes shes described in unusual ways  she rose above textures of oat and barley  Although describing baking is also a very loving statement, in which she is this graceful angel (rising) through the clouds. (of oat and barley) The atmosphere at all times within this poem is one of thanks for all the hard work the mother puts in and is noticeable when you read the poem. Even though George Mackay Brown wrote this poem for his own mother about her the poem could be classed as universally applicable to all mother as this poem doesnt just describe his mothers tasks. It also creates a template for the ideal mother, the image is created by combining the stereotypes of a good mother with the emotional being of a living human. This creates a person that everyone wants in their life and that is a very difficult thing to achieve from a poem but George Mackay Brown manages to capture the magic which makes this poem such a joy to read. The magic in the way the poem can be applied to all mothers and their loving and caring attitude towards their children.

Teacher Assistant free essay sample

Then following with an introduction of the subject and and activity for the whole class, then asking questions and develop the topic, maybe in small groups, for a longer period of time. Give them an activity related to the topic and provide aids and materials to help them to perform the activity successfully. Then give time for the students to do the activity, always checking their progress and solving their questions. Ask the students to choose a member of the group to share their results. Have ready some extra tasks to be done if there is a need for an extension Then assess the results link the topic with examples that the pupils can relate to. Ask the students for other uses for the information given. Leave some homework or task to do at home with a parent or carer. Encourage to do some extra activities like keeping a diary. Question 2: Describe your role in delivering learning activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Teacher Assistant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even tough my role will depend on the school and my experience, understanding the activity and the pupils is a must. My role consists of assisting the teacher by preparing the learning environment to meet the need of all the pupils in the class and providing the appropriate learning activities and materials. Supervising an individual or small group of pupils, always maintaining their safety and interacting with them to focus their attention on the learning potential of the learning materials. Using praise and encouragement to help pupils participate fully and observe their responses during the process. Question 3: make a list of the things expected from you as part of your role upporting an individual pupil or group of pupils. Helping the pupils access the subject matter that has been provided by the teacher, supervise them during different activities and encourage them to learn in an independent manner. Ensure their safety and general welfare. Facilitate their physical, emotional, social and educational development. To assist with sick children and deal with minor cuts and grazes. To promote and r einforce the self-esteem of all pupils and encourage acceptance and the inclusion of those pupils with special educational needs Question 4: Think about your role and responsibilities as teacher assistant. List examples of your own general and specific tasks. As a teacher assistant I must know the school policies and procedures and understanding my role and responsibilities in relation to them. To attend staff meetings and training sessions and acquire the full range of skills and knowledge that the job requires from me to do a satisfactory work. As a teacher assistant I also must help with the preparation and organization of the learning environment as directed by the teacher. Work in partnership with the teacher to prepare and maintain the learning environment, for example by helping to prepare in advance the lessons and/or teaching aids, preparing the rooms, materials and equipment. Making sure the equipment and materials are clean, safe and in their place and put them away once they are not needed any more. observing and recording the progress of the pupils during the activities and discuss later with the teacher the results I must support the pupils by understanding their learning and physical needs, and responding appropriately to them. I also must check the pupils work, if necessary help them to catch up, encourage them to correct their own mistakes and provide them with support to learn independently. In order to do that I must develop a positive working relationship with the pupils. That can be achieved by listening to them, gaining their trust and confidence, always respecting and valuing them, knowing that children must be safe at all times. Other specific tasks I must do include helping the students, by taking notes for them if necessary, listening to them as they read, playing games with one individual pupil or a small group, read to them. Assisting them with special equipment. Clarifying meanings or ideas as well as activities if necessary. Refer to the teacher any problems or difficulties I cannot solve on my own Question 5: Briefly describe the role of the teaching assistant in relation to the teacher. The teachers role is to plan lessons, direct and assess pupils learning. The role of the teaching assistant is to support the teacher in planning, delivering and evaluating learning activities and also, under the teachers direction to give support to the class, whether it is the whole class, small groups or individuals. Question 6: Briefly outline the role and responsibilities of the headteacher; deputy/assistant headteacher, SENCO, Key-stage coordinators; subject coordinators; class/subject teachers. The headteacher is responsible for all the pupils in the school, and along with the deputy/assistant headteacher, Senco and Key-stage Coordinators, is responsible for the creation and and maintenance of the learning environment throughout the school as a whole. The class/subject teacher, on the other hand, is responsible for the preparation and maintenance of an appropriate learning environment within their own classroom and subject area. Question 7: Give examples of how to promote independent learning, e. g. Using ICT skills. First by establishing clear procedures, pupils must know what to do during the activity and after finishing. Assign open-ended learning activities, so the pupils can choose what they want to talk about, or what book to read or what kind of game they want to play, since this will give them a sense of ownership in their learning. Guide the students through questions, so they can find the answer by themselves. Ask questions to reflect on what they have done and how it helps them. Provide assessment and feedback. Encourage pupils to work in groups and help each other. Encourage students to predict the results of the activities or how well they did on tests. Setting challenging and realistic learning goals encourage pupils to keep learner diaries. Question 8: what strategies can be used to support pupils in learning activities. Pupils can be supported by using many strategies, for example ole play, teaching trough discussion, familiarise them with the topic or finding out what they think or know about a specific subject by asking questions. Allowing pupils to â€Å"show† rather than â€Å"tell†, model activities before the pupils carry them out, using flash cards, kinaesthetic activities such as playing â€Å"Simon says† or â€Å"walk the shape† using word games, such as â€Å"taboo†, using examples that are culturally available to all pupils. Using writing frames. Using dictionaries. Allowing the pupils to practice before answering. Activities such as â€Å"Show and tell†. Allowing self-assessment.

Development in Architecture essays

Development in Architecture essays Architecture is the practice of building design and its resulting products, however customary usage refers only to the designs and structures that are culturally significant. Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. According to Vitruvius, a 1sts of such works of art are the Pyramids of Giza, the Lions gate at Mycenae, the Parthenon, the Colosseum, the Hagia Sophia, and the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Each of these buildings tells the story of the culture that produced it, and by studying the development of architecture; one can see the development of religions, ideas, and beliefs. The three pyramids at Giza in Egypt, Cheops, Khafre, and Menkaure, are among the most famous pieces of architecture in the world and they are also the first buildings with innovative architecture. Each Egyptian ruler was obsessed with constructing a tomb for himself more impressive and longer lasting than that of his predecessors. Before the 4th Dynasty (begins c. 2680 BC) Egyptian royal burial took the form of the mastaba, an archetypal rectangular mass of masonry. This evolved into the stepped pyramid and finally into the fully refined pyramid. The development of the pyramid reached its climax during the Fourth Dynasty in the famous triad of great pyramids at Giza...

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 48

No topic - Essay Example The steps taken by Hitler that started the World War II were attempts to the terms created by the treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles weakened Germany by creating economic problems, reducing Germanys trade with other nations and causing unemployment and Germany. The treaty of Versailles took German territory after which it imposed an unpopular government on Germany. Hitler was fighting to change all these problems caused by the treaty of Versailles when he took the actions that led to the World War II. Hitler wanted to remove the democratic government and make Germany powerful both economically and militarily. Hitler also wanted to make Germany powerful geographically and unite the Germans. Most Germans wanted to reverse the effects of the World War I treaty. Therefore, Hitler gained much support from the German people. The desire to remove the Treaty of Versailles and restore Germany led to the rise of Hitler and fascism in Germany. If the delegates who created the treaty of Versailles wanted peace in Europe, they would have been more concerned with the future of Europe rather than punishing Germany. The treaty of Versailles was very towards Germany and made Hitler and the German people to rise against it thus resulting to World War II (Kitchen par.

PMP application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

PMP application - Essay Example I laid out an effective technical plan as to how system upgrades and server migration would take place. I served as the liaison to internal and external auditors. I chaired the monthly patch review meeting. In the execution phase, I directed the system administrators make a journal that would record all changes being made to the desktop systems so that we could recover in case of a mistake. I held meetings on daily basis to keep a track of every step. My company wanted to move to a server which had different PHP deployment method. I created, on the destination server, duplicates of each extra SSH/SFTP user, database and application that were on the original server, copied all files to the destination server, and created DNS overrides for the testing part. I told my teammates to make entries in the website to access the content of destination server. I told them how to upgrade the DNS overrides to point to the migrated server. Lastly, we waited for these changes to propagate, and clea red the original server. I was responsible for the first four phases of project management in this project. I helped my teammates with the concept development for the website. I defined the purpose, stakeholders, the basic outline of the organization’s biases, limitations and initial requirements, and the deliverables. I analyzed the executive requirements, business benefits and goals, implementation requirements, functional and financial requirements, infrastructure requirements, and technical analysis and design which included an analysis of the hardware and software tools needed. I, along with other members, wrote down the briefs, set the milestones, and assigned tasks. After briefing the client visually, I laid down basic components of the website and plotted out how they were going to work along. Risk evaluation was one important step in which I balanced the project’s time and cost. I created the staging environment and began the production guide to which I added all the

Comparison of Joint Family and Nuclear Family

Comparison of Joint Family and Nuclear Family A classic definition of family, according to anthropologist George Murdock, is a social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults. The U.S. Bureau of the Census has defined a family as two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption, who reside together. Thus a family can be two or more adult siblings living together, a parent and child or children, two adults who are related by marriage but have no children, or adults who adopt a child.† A family is a set of human being related to each other in a non- professional manner, giving rise to a concrete cohesion within the family. Love, care, and affection are the most prominent human values, which are responsible for maintaining these bonds of relationships within a family. (Agarwal, V, 2005), not only these bu t a family also gives strength to an individual and because of its strength an individual can overcome from different kinds of problems too. A family gives strength to an individual; it is not only the strongest point but also the weakest point of an individual. A person learns different things from his/her family, but learning different things also varies from family to family. There are two basic kinds of family in our society Joint Family and Nuclear Family. A Joint Family (or extended family) is also known as a complex family, parents and their childrens families often live under a single roof, which means that Joint family consist of two or multiple generations. In some cases Joint family can be said as a family where a collection of more then one nuclear families are interconnected either by blood relation or marital relation reside under the same roof. All the members, regardless of which particular nuclear family (within that joint family) they belong to, live together and share happiness, grief, and virtually every kind of problem and joy together. The joint family in itself simulates a typical view of our multi-cultural, multi-lingual society in India and as well as in Bangladesh. (Agarwal, V.2005) Joint Families are mostly found in Asia. The term nuclear family developed in the western world to distinguish the family group and is considered as the simplest type of a family which consist of a married man and a woman with their offspring ‘.Nuclear Family can also be referred to as a conjugal family because of the accent is of the husband wife relationship and the nuclear family is the basic unit of all more complex forms’. (Nimkoff, F.M. Middleton, R. 1960) Family in the Western country like the United States have become more diverse with no particular household arrangement representing half of the United States population. The different types of families occur in a wide variety of settings, and their specific functions and meanings depend largely on their relationship to other social institutions. Non-scholars, especially in the United States and Europe, use the term nuclear family to refer to conjugal families. Non-scholars, especially in the United States and Europe, also use the term . Extended Family’ this term has two distinct meanings. First, it serves as a synonym of consanguine family .Second, in societies dominated by the conjugal family, it refers to kindred’ (Retrieved April 7, 2007) The behavior, lifestyle, thinking everything varies from family to family .i.e. a person from a joint family behaves, thinks in a different way then that of a nuclear family. People from joint family comes a cross many different things and by facing those different things they mostly learn how to meet the social challenges of the real world. Living in a joint family in itself is a beautiful experience and among the two basic kinds of family, joint family is the one where a person gets different kinds of advantages such as a person learns to love and earn respect which is the key to have harmonious and never ending relationship. Mutual respect and love are biggest values a joint family can offer. Not only a person to learns love and earn respect but also an individual can share his/her joys and grieves; in joint family there are many people to enjoy about a particular delightful occasion and as well as provide support at the time of family problems. (i.e., incase if some one is ill).When a person lives in a joint family he/she can share many secrets with someone of his/her age (cousins), which he/ she cannot share with his/her elders or younger but cannot do the same when in a nuclear family. Another advantage of living in a joint family is of safety and development of children, in joint families a child can be nurtured p roperly and perfectly. The chances of a child to get spoilt are lesser than that of a nuclear family. For example, in many cases we have seen that the working women leave their child at home along with their servant or baby sitter and their company spoil the child, whereas in joint family the cases are reverse; there are enough people (such as grandmother, aunts etc) to look after the child. Despite of all these advantages the concept of joint family is disappearing day by day from our society; and the reason behind it is the mentality of people are changing, they don’t want to be dependent on anyone and don’t want anyone to object them as in some cases it has been seen that the elders are objecting the younger for not doing any specific thing. One of the disadvantages of living in a joint family is the unequal distribution of shares in home- economy. For example many families we have seen that there is a single point of income, such as a common shop, a single earning hand, or some revenue periodically generated from fixed assets like rents and royalties. In such cases, the eldest member (or the earner) is usually the one, who takes after the economic power and responsibility to manage home funds, divide the share of each nuclear family (within the joint family) rationally. Most of the times, his inability in doing so, becomes the reason for family-partitions. This is inability however arise due to various factor including dishonesty of himself (or his own nuclear family) or some other family member inappropriate distribution of responsibilities and rights for each nuclear family, for expenditure. Share of each nuclear family within the joint family must be decided setting up the balance among the needs (education, clothing , and special preferences), number of dependents, contribution to funds, and the special eventual expenditures. This balance is really pivoted on a very sensitive fulcrum, which should be the result of a healthy exchange of honest thoughts of each responsible person in the joint family. Each individual’s equal recognition is very important and also very important for not allowing any inferiority or superiority complex to creep into anyone’s mind. This particularly must be avoided at the level where, parents start expecting their child to be as bright as children of other couple in the same joint family, for instance. This sometimes, gives rise to silent bitter feelings and these feelings may end up causing differences. Differences in opinion create a barrier among the family members and this is one of the important things which should be taken care of, by all the responsible members of the joint family in a matured fashion. The healthy brainstorming over the issue in question may give rise to an even healthier environment of living. The other way to conquering this problem is having a heated altercation, which makes conditions bad to worse, ultimately resulting in separations. â€Å"(Agarwal, V. 2005) So these are the most common problems which are the reasons behind partition or separation or for avoiding for living in a joint family, but on the other hand, by doing so a person is getting away from his/her loved ones and accepting different kind of risk by living in a nuclear family and are also forgetting their responsibilities towards their loved ones and towards their whole family. Living in a joint family can lesser pressure financially or can be advantageous for an individual as the members contribute according to their income but it can also create problems among the family members for not contributing equally or due to less amount of money. People prefer to live in joint families but because of their misunderstanding (i.e. differences in opinion,) among the family members an individual might avoid to live in it. But by taking its advantages into consideration, people do like living in joint families too. Living in a joint family is financially advantageous for all the members of the family. As by living together the members contribute according to their capability and in this way they lesser pressure from each other. People in our society face a lot of problems; financial ones, social ones, family ones. One of the biggest problems is the decline of the family. In advantageous thoughts of nuclear family, two parents mean double the chances of a good income, over a single parent. It means twice the chance that a parent is home to teach the kids, be a good role model. It means less stress for both the adult and the kids. It means more diverse influences. A child needs a mothers perspective and a fathers perspective, not just once, its not as balanced. Through most of our history and most civilizations, we have had extended families. Mom and dad lived with, or near, grandmother and grandfather, aunts and uncles, cousins; it was like having a gigantic family instead of a nuclear one. No strangers raising the kids, no worry of bankruptcy if someone loses a job, always someone there when you need them. The nuclear, isolated or restricted family is not a recent phenomenon, but has existed in many cultures throughout human history. Indeed, the extended family of several generations is found mostly in relatively advanced, stable, and affluent, but not yet industrialized societies. Very primitive and very sophisticated societies seem to prefer the nuclear family model. However, nuclear families can vary in the degree of their isolation and restrictedness. For example, before the Industrial Revolution the Western nuclear family was often embedded in a larger social unit, such as a farm or estate, an aristocratic court, or a village populated by relatives. Many older city neighborhoods also kept kinship ties strong, and thus even very small families remained open to the community. Family visits might be frequent and extended; children might freely circulate and feel at home in several households. On the other hand, we have seen that, beginning in the late 17th century; a trend toward closeness reduced the size of many larger households and changed the relationships between the remaining family members. They became more concerned about each other. They needed each other more. The idyllic home of the bourgeois became an island of serenity in the gathering storm of modernization, a haven secure from the world out there, from aggressiveness, competition, and class warfare. We have also seen how this home sheltered women and protected the children from sexual and other temptations. Other nasty social realities were also kept safely at bay. The family income was no longer earned inside, but rather outside the house. The division of labor between the sexes became more pronounced as men spent more and more time away from their families as wage earners in factories, shops, and offices. Their wives became almost the only companions of their small children whose care and education was n ow their main responsibility. (Formerly, these tasks had been divided between mothers, grandmothers, nurses, and servants.) Virtually the only middle-class men who still worked at home were doctors and lawyers in private practice. As a rule, however, the bourgeois family saw its head and breadwinner only when he returned from his work at night. This work itself remained an abstraction to both his wife and his children. In a typical nuclear family, there are two parents, and either one or both have jobs. So if someone loses their job, either the family has no income, or only half of what it had. But imagine a family with three or more parents, some of whom work. A lost job is less of a disaster to the family then. One of the biggest problems families face today is that nobody can stay home to care for the kids. It is a statistical fact that the second parent usually has to go out and work just to bring home about the same amount of money that the first parent is paying in taxes. This hurts the children, who end up being raised by random babysitters and day-care centers. But in an extended family, its much easier to be sure that someones always around to care for the kids, provide a good role model. Perhaps two adults work and one stays home, or each works at different times. In a nuclear family there will be less scope for children to get advice and encouragement from the experienced elders. There will be problems in bringing up the children and absence of care and affection of the elders to the children. It is another question whether the nuclear family itself, even when complete, is still the best available option. Many people today are convinced that small, single households are uneconomical and wasteful, that they are still emotionally unhealthy, that they perpetuate outmoded stereotypical sex roles, and that they produce competitive, egotistical children in an age when universal cooperation seems the only hope of mankind. It is also argued that the modern family no longer has any other function than to provide love and intimacy, and that this is by no means enough to justify its existence. Indeed, since families have been largely relieved of their economic, educational, and protective functions by the state, sexual attachment has become the nearly e xclusive basis of marriage, and this basis is notoriously weak. Frequent divorce and remarriage, however, while perhaps practical for the adults, hardly seem in the best interest of the children. Under the circumstances, it is only fitting that a number of thoughtful men and women should continue to search for more stable, new and improved family models. Living in a joint family not only is advantageous but also has disadvantages as well, but in order to achieve something one has to lose something too. The same is the case for joint families, by thinking about the advantages that a joint family provides one might to give up the idea of living in a nuclear family and unite with their loved ones. Living in a joint family is advantageous. In order to live happily and peacefully in a joint family an individual should not lose his temper and should overlook each others mistakes and also should understand each other. The family members should have good communication among themselves in order to ensure free flow of money around the family.